|
Ayahuasca
Analogues This
is a file by Crazy Fingers, aka Ryan M. Hastings ( rhasting@copper.ucs.indiana.edu)
This page is a copy of the tables from
Jonathan Ott's Ayahuasca Analogues, copied, of course, without permission. If
Mr. Ott or his publishers would like me to remove this, I ask that they e-mail
me before threatening me legally, and I'll be happy to delete this page. This
is for informational purposes, for those of us who do not have access to the
Amazon but still want to explore the entheogenic properties of Ayahuasca. All
standard disclaimers apply. First
of all, before I relate the tables, I will say a few words about what Ayahuasca
is. Ayahuasca, also called Yaje or Yage, is a pan-Amazonian brew used
shamanically. It most often involves the combination of Banisteriopsis caapi
vine with other plants, usually plants containing tryptamines. B. caapi
contains beta-carbolines which, in low doses, potentiate the effects of other
entheogens. The basic chemical mechanism for Ayahuasca, as near as I can tell
from my reading, and I'm no expert, is combination of
a beta-carboline with a tryptamine, usually DMT. Six
tables are below: ˇ Table I--Ayahuasca Additive
Plants. ˇ Table II-A--Reported Analyses of
Ayahuasca Plants. ˇ Table II-B--Reported Analyses of
Ayahuasca Leaf Admixtures. ˇ Table II-C--Reported Analyses of
Ayahuasca Potions ˇ Table IV-A--Plants Containing
MAO-Inhibiting Beta-Carbolines. ˇ Table IV-B--Plants Containing
Entheogenic Tryptamines. All
notes have been removed, this is just the barest essentials of information. Also
below: Concentrations of DMT material in a few plant species and an extraction
method for the Ayahuasca analogue. IMPORTANT:
Beta-carbolines are reversible MAO inhibitors. If you don't watch your diet six
hours before and after using them, YOU COULD DIE!!!!!
Check out the dietary restrictions for MAOI use. Table
I--Ayahuasca Additive Plants. ACANTHACEAE
ˇ Teliostachya lanceolata AMARANTHACEAE
ˇ Alternanthera lehmannii ˇ Iresine sp. APOCYNACEAE
ˇ Himatanthus sucuuba ˇ Malouetia tamaquarina ˇ Mandevilla scabra ˇ Tabernaemontana sp. AQUIFOLIACEAE
ˇ Ilex guayusa ARACEAE
ˇ Montrichardia arborescens BIGNONIACEAE
ˇ Mansoa alliacea ˇ Tabebuia heteropoda ˇ Tabebuia incana ˇ Tabebuia sp. ˇ Tynnanthus panurensis BOMBACACEAE
ˇ Cavanillesia hylogeiton ˇ Cavanillesia umbellata ˇ Ceiba pentandra ˇ Chorisia insignis ˇ Chorisia speciosa ˇ Quararibea "ishpingo" BORAGINACEAE
ˇ Tournefortia angustifolia CACTACEAE
ˇ Epiphyllum sp. ˇ Opuntia sp. CARYOCARACEAE
ˇ Anthodiscus pilosus CELASTRACEAE
ˇ Maytenus ebenifola CYCLANTHACEAE
ˇ Carludovica divergens DRYOPTERIDACEAE
ˇ Lomariopsis japurensis DRYOPTERIDACEAE
ˇ Erythroxylum coca ERYTHROXYLACEAE
ˇ Erythroxylum coca EUPHORBIACEAE
ˇ Alchornea castaneifolia ˇ Hura crepitans GNETACEAE
ˇ Gnetum nodiflorum GUTTIFERAE
ˇ Clusia sp. ˇ Tovomita sp. LABIATAE
ˇ Ocimum micranthum LECYTHIDACEAE
ˇ Couroupita guianensis LEGUMINOSAE
ˇ Bauhinia guianensis ˇ Caesalpinia echinata ˇ Calliandra angustifolia ˇ Campsiandra laurifolia ˇ Cedrelinga castaneiformis ˇ Erythrina glauca ˇ Erythrina poeppigiana ˇ Pithecellobium laetum ˇ Sclerobium setiferum ˇ Vouacapoua americana LORANTHACEAE
ˇ Phrygilanthus eugenioides ˇ Phtirusa pyrifolia MALPIGHIACEAE
ˇ Diplopterys cabrerana ˇ Diplopterys involuta (=Mezia
includens) ˇ Mascagnia psilophylla (var.
antifebrilis = Cabi paraensis; Callaeum antifebrile) ˇ Stigmaphyllon fulgens MARANTACEAE
ˇ Calathea veitchiana MENISPERMACEAE
ˇ Abuta grandifolia MORACEAE
ˇ Coussapa tessmannii ˇ Ficus insipida ˇ Ficus ruiziana ˇ Ficus sp. MYRISTICACEAE
ˇ Virola sp. ˇ Virola surinamensis NYMPHIACEAE
ˇ Caboma aquatica PHYTOLACCACEAE
ˇ Petiveria alliaceae PIPERACEAE
ˇ Piper sp. POLYGONACEAE
ˇ Triplaris surinamensis ˇ Triplaris surinamensis var.
chamissoana PONTEDERIACEAE
ˇ Pontederia cordata RUBIACEAE
ˇ Calycophyllum spruceanum ˇ Capirona decoriticans ˇ Guettarda ferox ˇ Psychotria carthaginensis ˇ Psychotria psychotriaefolia ˇ Psychotria "batsikawa" ˇ Psychotria "nai kawa" ˇ Psychotria "pishikawa" ˇ Psychotria viridis ˇ Rudgea retifolia ˇ Sabicea amazonensis ˇ Uncaria guianensis SAPINDACEAE
ˇ Paullinia yoco SCHIZAEACEAE
ˇ Lygodium venustum SCROPHULARIACEAE
ˇ Scoparia dulcis SOLANACEAE
ˇ Brugmansia insignis ˇ Brugmansia suaveolens ˇ Brunfelsia chiricaspi ˇ Brunfelsia grandiflora ˇ Brunfelsia grandiflora subsp
schultesii ˇ Capsicum sp. ˇ Iochroma fuchsioides ˇ Juanulloa ochracea ˇ Nicotiana rustica ˇ Nicotiana tabacum VERBENACEAE
ˇ Cornutia odorata ˇ Vitex triflora VIOLACEAE
ˇ Rinorea viridiflora Table II-A--Reported Analyses of Ayahuasca [B. caapi]
Plants (Dried Stems)
Table II-B--Reported Analyses of Ayahuasca Leaf
Admixture.
Table II-C--Reported Analyses of Ayahuasca Potions
(Average Per Dose)
References:
Agurell,
S. et al. 1968. "Alkaloid
content of Bansteriopsis rusbyana." American Journal of Pharmacy 140(5): 148-151. Agurell,
S. et al. 1969. "Alkaloids
in certain species of Virola and other South American plants of
ethnopharmacologic interest." Acta Chemica Scandinavica 23(3):
903-916. Der
Marderosian, A. H. et al. 1968. "Native
use and occurence [sic] of N,N- dimethyltryptamine in
the leaves of Banisteriopsis rusbyana." American Journal of Pharmacy
140(5): 137-147. Hochstein,
F. A. and A. M. Paradies. 1957. "Alkaloids
of Banisteria caapi and Prestonia amazonicum [sic]. "
Journal of the American Chemical Society 79: 5735-5736. Liwszyc,
G. E. et al. 1992. "Daime--A
ritual herbal potion." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 36(1):
91-92. McKenna,
D. J. et al. 1984. "Monoamine
oxidase inhibitors in South American hallucinogenic plants: Tryptamine and
Beta-Carboline constituents of ayahuasca." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 10(2): 195-223. Poisson,
J. 1965. "Note
surle 'Natem', boisson toxique peruvienne et es alcaloides" Annales
Pharmaceutiques Francaises 23(4): 241-244. Schultes,
R. E. 1969. "De
plantis toxicariis e mundo novo tropicale commentationes V. Virola as an orally
administered hallucinogen" Botanical Museum Leaflets, Harvard University 22(6): 229-240. Table
IV-B--Plants Containing Entheogenic Tryptamines. Letters
in square brackets refer to DMT and 5-MeO-DMT [5MD] in leaves [l], seeds
[s], pods [p], stems [st], bark [b], roots [r], flowers [f], fruit [fr], root
bark [rb], or whole plant [w]. ACANTHACEAE * Justicia pectoralis [DMT,l] AGARICACEAE * Amanita citrina [DMT,5MD,w] * Amanita porphyria [5MD,w] AIZOACEAE * Delosperma sp. [DMT] GRAMINEAE * Arundo donax [DMT,l,r,f] - ALKALOIDS Plant 5,000
ppm (0.5 % - propably dry material) - 5-METHOXY-N-METHYLTRYPTAMINE Plant,
BUFOTENIDINE Rhizome, BUFOTENINE Leaf, DEHYDROBUFOTENINE
Rhizome, DONAXARIDINE Plant, DONAXERINE Rhizome, DONAXINE Rhizome,
ELEAGNINE Flower, FRIEDELIN Leaf, GRAMINE Rhizome,
GRAMINE-METHOHYDROXIDE Flower, GRAMINE-N-OXIDE Plant 700 ppm, N,N-DIMETHYLTRYPTAMINE Leaf, N,N-DIMETHYLTRYPTAMINE-METHOHYDROXIDE
Flower * Phalaris arundinacea [DMT,5MD,l,w] From the usenet (dry material): Source 1. DMT 0.060% Source 2. Alkaloids 0.004-0.121% * Phalaris tuberosa (= P. aquatica) [DMT,5MD,l] From the usenet (dry material): Source 1. DMT 0.100% 5-MeO-DMT 0.022% 5-OH-DMT 0.005% Source 2. DMT 0.170% 5-MeO-DMT 0.060% Source 3. Alkaloids 0.007-0.18% * Phragmites australis [DMT,r] LEGUMINOSAE * Acacia confusa [DMT,st] * Acacia maidenii [DMT,b] * Acacia nubica [DMT,l] * Acacia phlebophylla [DMT,l] * Acacia polyacantha subsp. campylacantha
[DMT,l] * Acacia senegal [DMT,l] - CYSTEINE Plant, D-PINITOL Leaf,
DIMETHYLTRYPTAMINE Plant, ERYTHRODIOL Plant, LEUCINE Plant * Acacia simplicifolia [DMT,b,l,st] * Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil (=
Piptadenia macrocarpa) [DMT,s,p] - BUFOTENINE Seed, N,N-DIMETHYLTRYPTAMINE
Seed, TRYPTAMINES Seed * Anadenanthera excelsa [DMT,s,p] * Anadenanthera peregrina [DMT,5MD,b,l,s,p] - 1,2,3,4-TETRAHYDRO-6-METHOXY-2,9-DIMETHYL-BETA-CARBOLINE
Plant, 1,2,3,4-TETRAHYDRO-6-METHOXY-2-METHYL-BETA-CARBOLINE
Plant, 5-METHOXY-N,N-DIMETHYLTRYPTAMINE
Bark, 5-METHOXY-N-METHYLTRYPTAMINE Bark,
BUFOTENINE Plant, BUFOTENINE-OXIDE Fruit, N,N-DIMETHYLTRYPTAMINE Fruit, N,N-DIMETHYLTRYPTAMINE-OXIDE
Fruit, N-METHYLTRYPTAMINE Bark, HOMOORIENTINE Leaf, LEUCOANTHOCYANIN
Plant, LEUCOPELARGONIDOL Plant, ORIENTIN Leaf,
SAPONARETIN Leaf, VITERINE Leaf * Desmanthus illineonsis [DMT,r,rb] - DMT (root) 0.200%
(dry material) DMT (root bark) 0.340% (dry material) * Desmodium caudatum [DMT,r,st] * Desmodium gangeticum [DMT,5MD,w,r,st,l] - 2'HYDROXYGENISTEIN Leaf Diffusate 14
ppm, GENISTEIN Leaf Diffusate 8 ppm * Desmodium gyrans [DMT,5MD,l,r] * Desmodium pulchellum [DMT,5MD,w,r,st,l,f] - BETULIN Root * Desmodium racemosum [5MD,w] * Desmodium triflorum [DMT-N-oxide,r] * Lespedeza bicolor var. japonica [DMT,5MD,l,rb] 5-METHOXY-N-METHYLTRYPTAMINE Bark,
BUFOTENINE Plant, BUFOTENINE-OXIDE Fruit, N,N-DIMETHYLTRYPTAMINE Fruit, N,N-DIMETHYLTRYPTAMINE-OXIDE
Fruit, N-METHYLTRYPTAMINE Bark, HOMOORIENTINE Leaf, LEUCOANTHOCYANIN
Plant, LEUCOPELARGONIDOL Plant, ORIENTIN Leaf,
SAPONARETIN Leaf, VITERINE Leaf * Desmanthus illineonsis [DMT,r,rb] - DMT (root) 0.200%
(dry material) DMT (root bark) 0.340% (dry material) * Desmodium caudatum [DMT,r,st] * Desmodium gangeticum [DMT,5MD,w,r,st,l] - 2'HYDROXYGENISTEIN Leaf Diffusate 14
ppm, GENISTEIN Leaf Diffusate 8 ppm * Desmodium gyrans [DMT,5MD,l,r] * Desmodium pulchellum [DMT,5MD,w,r,st,l,f] - BETULIN Root * Desmodium racemosum [5MD,w] * Desmodium triflorum [DMT-N-oxide,r] * Lespedeza bicolor var. japonica [DMT,5MD,l,rb] * Mimosa hostilis [DMT,r] - N,N-DIMETHYLTRYPTAMINE
Plant, NIGERINE Plant - DMT root 0.57%
(propably fresh (=wet) material) * Mimosa scabrella [DMT,b] * Mimosa tenuiflora [DMT,5MD,b] * Mucuna pruriens [DMT,5MD,l,s,st,r] - GENISTEIN Leaf Diffusate 6 ppm,
HYDROXYGENISTEIN Leaf Diffusate 14 ppm * Petalostylis labicheoides var. casseoides
[DMT,l,st] MALPIGHIACEAE * Banisteriopsis muricata (= B. argentea)
[DMT,st,l] * Diplopterys cabrerana (=Banisteriopsis
rusbyana) [DMT,5MD,l] MYRISTICACEAE * Iryanthera ulei [5MD,b] * Osteophloem platyspermum [DMT,5MD,b] * Virola calophylla [DMT,5MD,b,r,l,s,f] - 5-METHOXY-N,N-DIMETHYLTRYPTAMINE
Bark, N,N-DIMETHYLTRYPTAMINE Bark, N-MONOMETHYLTRYPTAMINE Bark - Origin: Manaus Brazil (dry plant
material) Bark: - DMT 0.008% - 5-MeO-DMT trace Root: - DMT and 5-MeO-DMT trace Flow, shoots: - DMT 0.185% - N-Methyltryptamine (MMT) 0.008% Leaves: - DMT 0.149% - MMT 0.006% * Virola carinata [DMT,l] * Virola divergens [DMT,l] * Virola elongata [DMT,5MD,b,l] * Virola melinonii [DMT,b] * Virola multinervia [DMT,5MD,b,r] * Virola pavonis [DMT,l] * Virola peruviana [DMT,5MD,b] - Mainly 5-MeO-DMT [b], small amounts DMT and 5-Methoxy-tryptamine [b] * Virola rufula [DMT,5MD,b,r,l] -
Origin: Manaus Brazil (dry plant material) Bark: - 5-MeO-DMT 0.190% - DMT 0.008% - 5-MeO-MMT trace - 2-Methyl-6-MeO-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-_-carboline (6-MeO-THC) trace Root: - 5-MeO-DMT 0.135% - 5-MeO-MMT 0.006% - DMT 0.001% - 6-MeO-THC trace Leaves: - DMT 0.092% - MMT 0.006% * Virola sebifera [DMT,b] * Virola theiodora [DMT,5MD,b,r,l,f] - Origin: Manaus Brazil (dry plant material) Bark: - DMT 0.130% - 5-Meo-DMT 0.110% - 6-MeO-THC 0.010% - N-Methyltryptamine (MMT) 0.003% Root: - 5-MeO-DMT 0.010% - DMT 0.004% - 5-MeO-MMT 0.003% Flow, shoots: - DMT 0.440% - MMT 0.033% Leaves: - DMT 0.044% - 5-MeO-DMT trace - Origin: Tototobi Brazil (dry plant
material) Bark: - DMT 0.033% - 5-Meo-DMT 0.062% Leaves: - DMT 0.021% - Methyl-THC trace * Virola venosa [DMT,5MD,r,l] OCHNACEAE * Testulea gabonensis [DMT,b,rb] POLYGONACEAE * Erigonum sp. [DMT] RUBIACEAE * Psychotria carthaginensis [DMT,l] - Also N-methyltryptamine and
N-methyltetrahydro-_-carboline * Psychotria viridis (= P. psychotriaefolia)
[DMT,l] - Also N-methyltryptamine and
N-methyltetrahydro-_-carboline Average DMT contents on leaves of different
P. species is 0.2% (dry material) RUTACEAE * Dictyoloma incanescens [5MD,l] * Dutaillyea drupacea [5MD,l] * Dutaillyea oreophila [5MD,l] * Evodia rutaecarpa [5MD,l] * Limonia acidissima [5MD,st] - ESTRAGOLE Leaf 6,570
ppm, ISOPIMPINELLIN Root, MARMESIN Bark 160 ppm, ORIENTIN Leaf, PECTIN Fruit 30,000 - 160,000 ppm, PSORALEN Leaf, SPONARIN Leaf,
STIGMASTEROL Fruit 150 ppm, STIGMASTEROL Leaf 120 ppm, VITEXIN Leaf * Melicope leptococca [5MD,l,st] * Pilocarpus organensis [5MD,l] * Vepris ampody [DMT,l] * Zanthoxylum arborescens [DMT,l] * Zanthoxylum procerum [DMT,l] Table
IV-A--Plants Containing MAO-Inhibiting Beta-Carbolines. AGARICACEAE
ˇ Coriolus maximus [Harman] APOCYNACEAE
ˇ Amsonia tabernaemontana [Harmine
etc.] ˇ Apocynum cannabinum [Harmalol] ˇ Ochrosia nakaiana [Harman] BIGNONIACEAE
ˇ Newbouldia laevis [Harman] CALYCANTHACEAE
ˇ Calycanthus occidentalis
[Harmine] CHENOPODIACEAE
ˇ Hammada leptoclada
[Tetrahydroharman etc.] ˇ Kochia scoparia [Harmine etc.] COMBRETACEAE
ˇ Guiera senegalensis [Harman etc.] CYBERACEAE
ˇ Carex brevicollis [Harmine etc.] ELAEAGNACEAE
ˇ Elaeagnus augustifolia [Harman
etc.] ˇ Elaeagnus hortensis
[Tetrahydroharman etc.] ˇ Elaeagnus orientalis
[Tetrahydroharman] ˇ Elaeagnus spinosa
[Tetrahydroharman] ˇ Hippophae rhammoides [Harman
etc.] ˇ Shepherdia argentea
[Tetrahydroharmol] ˇ Shepherdia canadensis
[Tetrahydroharmol] GRAMINEAE
ˇ Arundo donax [Tetrahydroharman] ˇ Festuca arundinacea [Harman etc.]
ˇ Lolium perenne [Harman etc.] LEGUMINOSAE
ˇ Acacia baileyana
[Tetrahydroharman] ˇ Acacia complanata
[Tetrahydroharman etc.] ˇ Burkea africana [Harman etc.] ˇ Desmodium pulchellum [Harman
etc.] ˇ Mucuna pruriens
[6-Methoxy-Harman] ˇ Petalostylis labicheoides [Tetrahydroharman]
ˇ Prosopis nigra [Harman etc.] LOGANIACEAE
ˇ Strychnos usambarensis [Harman] MALPIGHIACEAE
ˇ Banisteriopsis caapi [Harmine
etc.] ˇ Banisteriopsis lutea [Harmine] ˇ Banisteriopsis muricata [Harmine]
ˇ Callaeum antifebrile (= Cabe paraensis)
[Harmine] MYRISTICACEAE
ˇ Virola cuspidata
[6-Methoxy-Harman] PASSIFLORACEAE
ˇ Passiflora actinea [Harman =
Passiflorine] ˇ Passiflora alata [Harman] ˇ Passiflora alba [Harman] ˇ Passiflora bryonoides [Harman] ˇ Passiflora caerulea [Harman] ˇ Passiflora capsularis [Harman] ˇ Passiflora decaisneana [Harman] ˇ Passiflora edulis [Harman] ˇ Passiflora eichleriana [Harman] ˇ Passiflora foetida [Harman] ˇ Passiflora incarnata [Harmine,
Harmaline, Harman, etc.] ˇ Passiflora quadrangularis [Harman]
ˇ Passiflora ruberosa [Harman] ˇ Passiflora subpeltata [Harman] ˇ Passiflora warmingii [Harman] POLYGONACEAE
ˇ Leptactinia densiflora
[Leptaflorine, etc.] ˇ Nauclea diderrichii [Harman etc.]
ˇ Ophiorrhiza japonica [Harman] ˇ Pauridiantha callicarpoides
[Harman] ˇ Pauridiantha dewevrei [Harman] ˇ Pauridiantha lyalli [Harman] ˇ Pauridiantha viridiflora [Harman]
ˇ Simira klugii [Harman] ˇ Simira rubra [Harman] ˇ Uncaria attenuata [Harman] ˇ Uncaria canescens [Harman] ˇ Uncaria orientalis [Harman] SAPOTACEAE
ˇ Chrysophyllum lacouritianum
[Norharman etc.] SYMPLOCACEAE
ˇ Symplocos racemosa [Harman] ZYGOPHYLLACEAE
ˇ Fagonia cretica [Harman] ˇ Peganum harmala [Harmaline,
Harmine, etc.] ˇ Tribulus terrestris [Harmine
etc.] ˇ Zaygophyllum fabago [Harmine
etc.] Below
is information on alkaloid content of various analogues which I've gleaned from
Ott's text. ˇ Peganum harmala (seeds): 2-7%
beta-carboline ˇ (3g P. harmala + 20 g Acacia
phlebophylla leaves work well, according to the text, for a 3.5h
experience) ˇ Acacia maidenii (bark): 0.36% DMT ˇ Acacia phlebophylla (leaf): 0.3% DMT ˇ Acacia simplicifolia (bark): 0.81% DMT ˇ Desmanthus illinoensis (root
bark): 0.34% DMT ˇ Mimosa hostilis (roots): 0.57% DMT ˇ Virola theiodora (flowers): 0.44% DMT ˇ Pilocarpus organensis
(unspecified): 1.06% tryptamines, chiefly 5-MeO-DMT ˇ Vepris ampody (leafy branches): 0.22% DMT ˇ Melicope leptococca (leafy
branches): 0.21% 5-MeO-DMT To
prepare the harmala seeds, Ott ground them in a mortar, placed the groundings
in enough of a 30% solution of lime juice in water to suspend the seeds in a
pot, and brought it rapidly to a boil with stirring. He then filtered the
suspension with a coffee filter. The residual solid matter was then added back
to the pot and again extracted by the same means, using minimal lime/water. He
recommends not using prolonged heating or an excess of water. After filtration,
he rinses the pot out with water, and places water over the remaining solid
material. He got about 150 mL of extract from 15 g of seeds. He uses the
extraction method on combined constituents--D. illinoensis, A.
phlebophylla, and P. viridis, each separately with P. harmala--and this seems
to work at the proper doses. |